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Comfrey
Comfrey — mida Euroopa monograafia tegelikult toetab, milleks see ei ole, vorm ja kui kaua on mõeldud kasutada, kõrvaltoimed ja 1 ravimikoostoime, mis on dokumenteeritud.
See on teabeleht, mitte diagnoos ega retsept. Taimsed tooted on päris farmakoloogia: neil on toime, kõrvaltoimed ja koostoimed ravimitega. Öelge arstile ja apteekrile kõik, mida võtate, sh teed ja toidulisandid, ja ärge kunagi lõpetage ega muutke määratud ravimit millegi siin loetu pärast.
Mis see on
Symphytum officinale L. — root and leaf
Kohalikud nimed piirkonnas, mida see sait teenindab:varemerohi (ET) · rohtoraunioyrtti (FI) · окопник (RU).
Grupeeritud siin Where the harm is. Regulatiivne seisund:External use only, with limits; oral preparations are not acceptable in the EU.
Mida tõendus toetab
Registreeritud näidustus:External use on unbroken skin for bruises, sprains and strains, in pyrrolizidine-alkaloid-depleted preparations.
Comfrey is the clearest case of a traditional remedy that modern chemistry ruled out for internal use. It contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which the liver converts into reactive compounds that damage the small hepatic veins and cause hepatic veno-occlusive disease (sinusoidal obstruction syndrome); they are also genotoxic and carcinogenic in animal studies. Oral comfrey preparations were withdrawn in Europe decades ago on that basis. Externally, comfrey creams and ointments for bruises and sprains remain in use and have reasonable trial support for pain relief, but regulators restrict them to alkaloid-depleted preparations, intact skin only, and a limited number of days of use per year — because pyrrolizidine alkaloids are absorbed through skin. The wider lesson is that this is not a comfrey-only problem: the same alkaloids occur in ragwort, borage, butterbur and coltsfoot, and they contaminate herbal teas and honey when alkaloid-containing weeds are harvested with the crop. European food law sets maximum levels for pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal teas, teas, certain herbs and food supplements for exactly that reason.
D — Popular claim unsupported, or safety dominates The better trials are negative, or the substance appears in the literature mainly for the harm it has caused.
Milleks see ei ole
Swallowing, in any form, including comfrey tea and "knitbone" infusions. Also not for open wounds, broken skin or grazes.
Vorm, tugevus ja kui kaua
Creams, ointments and gels of alkaloid-depleted root or leaf extract, for external use on unbroken skin.
Kestus.Limited courses, and a limited total number of days per year — the restriction is on cumulative exposure, not on any single application.
Sellel lehel ei ole gramme meelega. Taimeosa, ekstraktsioonilahusti ja ravimi-ekstrakti suhe koos määratlevad valmistise, ja ühest võetud number ei kirjelda teist. Põhjendus on sõlmpunktis; teile kehtiv kogus on trükitud pakendil, mida hoiate, ja apteeker loeb selle teiega.
Kõrvaltoimed
Externally, occasional skin irritation and contact allergy. Internally, liver injury that can be severe and irreversible.
Kes peaks seda vältima
Never in pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Not on children. Not with existing liver disease.
Koostoimed ravimitega
| Ravim või aine | Mida kirjeldatakse |
|---|---|
| Anything else that stresses the liver | Anything else that burdens the liver — alcohol, other pyrrolizidine-containing plants, medicines with a hepatic signal — adds to the same target organ. |
Vastupidine vaade — alustage ravimist, mitte taimest — on ravimite, toidu ja alkoholi koostoimete teatmikus ning kokkuvõttena iga ürdi kohta sellel saidil.
Allikad:European Medicines Agency — Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC), European Union herbal monographs · LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury (NIDDK, National Institutes of Health)· kontrollitud2026-09-06
Korduma kippuvad küsimused
Milleks comfrey kasutatakse?
External use on unbroken skin for bruises, sprains and strains, in pyrrolizidine-alkaloid-depleted preparations. Comfrey is the clearest case of a traditional remedy that modern chemistry ruled out for internal use. It contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which the liver converts into reactive compounds that damage the small hepatic veins and cause hepatic veno-occlusive disease (sinusoidal obstruction syndrome); they are also genotoxic and carcinogenic in animal studies. Oral comfrey preparations were withdrawn in Europe decades ago on that basis. Externally, comfrey creams and ointments for bruises and sprains remain in use and have reasonable trial support for pain relief, but regulators restrict them to alkaloid-depleted preparations, intact skin only, and a limited number of days of use per year — because pyrrolizidine alkaloids are absorbed through skin. The wider lesson is that this is not a comfrey-only problem: the same alkaloids occur in ragwort, borage, butterbur and coltsfoot, and they contaminate herbal teas and honey when alkaloid-containing weeds are harvested with the crop. European food law sets maximum levels for pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal teas, teas, certain herbs and food supplements for exactly that reason.
Kas comfrey toimib?
Hinnatud siin D: The better trials are negative, or the substance appears in the literature mainly for the harm it has caused. Swallowing, in any form, including comfrey tea and "knitbone" infusions. Also not for open wounds, broken skin or grazes.
Kui palju comfrey peaksin võtma?
See teatmik ei trüki grammides, sest need ei kandu eri ekstrakti tugevusega valmististe vahel. Ausalt saab öelda vormi ja kestuse:Creams, ointments and gels of alkaloid-depleted root or leaf extract, for external use on unbroken skin. Limited courses, and a limited total number of days per year — the restriction is on cumulative exposure, not on any single application.
Millised on comfrey kõrvaltoimed?
Externally, occasional skin irritation and contact allergy. Internally, liver injury that can be severe and irreversible.
Kas comfrey on koostoimes ravimitega?
Jah — dokumenteeritudLiver load. Igaüks on kirjeldatud sellel lehel, lingiga ravimipoolsele teatmikule, kui see on olemas.
Teised jaotiseswhere the harm is
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